CSV Files
Spark SQL provides spark.read().csv("file_name")
to read a file or directory of files in CSV format into Spark DataFrame, and dataframe.write().csv("path")
to write to a CSV file. Function option()
can be used to customize the behavior of reading or writing, such as controlling behavior of the header, delimiter character, character set, and so on.
// A CSV dataset is pointed to by path.
// The path can be either a single CSV file or a directory of CSV files
val path = "examples/src/main/resources/people.csv"
val df = spark.read.csv(path)
df.show()
// +------------------+
// | _c0|
// +------------------+
// | name;age;job|
// |Jorge;30;Developer|
// | Bob;32;Developer|
// +------------------+
// Read a csv with delimiter, the default delimiter is ","
val df2 = spark.read.option("delimiter", ";").csv(path)
df2.show()
// +-----+---+---------+
// | _c0|_c1| _c2|
// +-----+---+---------+
// | name|age| job|
// |Jorge| 30|Developer|
// | Bob| 32|Developer|
// +-----+---+---------+
// Read a csv with delimiter and a header
val df3 = spark.read.option("delimiter", ";").option("header", "true").csv(path)
df3.show()
// +-----+---+---------+
// | name|age| job|
// +-----+---+---------+
// |Jorge| 30|Developer|
// | Bob| 32|Developer|
// +-----+---+---------+
// You can also use options() to use multiple options
val df4 = spark.read.options(Map("delimiter"->";", "header"->"true")).csv(path)
// "output" is a folder which contains multiple csv files and a _SUCCESS file.
df3.write.csv("output")
// Read all files in a folder, please make sure only CSV files should present in the folder.
val folderPath = "examples/src/main/resources";
val df5 = spark.read.csv(folderPath);
df5.show();
// Wrong schema because non-CSV files are read
// +-----------+
// | _c0|
// +-----------+
// |238val_238|
// | 86val_86|
// |311val_311|
// | 27val_27|
// |165val_165|
// +-----------+
Find full example code at "examples/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/examples/sql/SQLDataSourceExample.scala" in the Spark repo.
import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
import org.apache.spark.sql.Row;
// A CSV dataset is pointed to by path.
// The path can be either a single CSV file or a directory of CSV files
String path = "examples/src/main/resources/people.csv";
Dataset<Row> df = spark.read().csv(path);
df.show();
// +------------------+
// | _c0|
// +------------------+
// | name;age;job|
// |Jorge;30;Developer|
// | Bob;32;Developer|
// +------------------+
// Read a csv with delimiter, the default delimiter is ","
Dataset<Row> df2 = spark.read().option("delimiter", ";").csv(path);
df2.show();
// +-----+---+---------+
// | _c0|_c1| _c2|
// +-----+---+---------+
// | name|age| job|
// |Jorge| 30|Developer|
// | Bob| 32|Developer|
// +-----+---+---------+
// Read a csv with delimiter and a header
Dataset<Row> df3 = spark.read().option("delimiter", ";").option("header", "true").csv(path);
df3.show();
// +-----+---+---------+
// | name|age| job|
// +-----+---+---------+
// |Jorge| 30|Developer|
// | Bob| 32|Developer|
// +-----+---+---------+
// You can also use options() to use multiple options
java.util.Map<String, String> optionsMap = new java.util.HashMap<String, String>();
optionsMap.put("delimiter",";");
optionsMap.put("header","true");
Dataset<Row> df4 = spark.read().options(optionsMap).csv(path);
// "output" is a folder which contains multiple csv files and a _SUCCESS file.
df3.write().csv("output");
// Read all files in a folder, please make sure only CSV files should present in the folder.
String folderPath = "examples/src/main/resources";
Dataset<Row> df5 = spark.read().csv(folderPath);
df5.show();
// Wrong schema because non-CSV files are read
// +-----------+
// | _c0|
// +-----------+
// |238val_238|
// | 86val_86|
// |311val_311|
// | 27val_27|
// |165val_165|
// +-----------+
Find full example code at "examples/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/examples/sql/JavaSQLDataSourceExample.java" in the Spark repo.
# spark is from the previous example
sc = spark.sparkContext
# A CSV dataset is pointed to by path.
# The path can be either a single CSV file or a directory of CSV files
path = "examples/src/main/resources/people.csv"
df = spark.read.csv(path)
df.show()
# +------------------+
# | _c0|
# +------------------+
# | name;age;job|
# |Jorge;30;Developer|
# | Bob;32;Developer|
# +------------------+
# Read a csv with delimiter, the default delimiter is ","
df2 = spark.read.option("delimiter", ";").csv(path)
df2.show()
# +-----+---+---------+
# | _c0|_c1| _c2|
# +-----+---+---------+
# | name|age| job|
# |Jorge| 30|Developer|
# | Bob| 32|Developer|
# +-----+---+---------+
# Read a csv with delimiter and a header
df3 = spark.read.option("delimiter", ";").option("header", True).csv(path)
df3.show()
# +-----+---+---------+
# | name|age| job|
# +-----+---+---------+
# |Jorge| 30|Developer|
# | Bob| 32|Developer|
# +-----+---+---------+
# You can also use options() to use multiple options
df4 = spark.read.options(delimiter=";", header=True).csv(path)
# "output" is a folder which contains multiple csv files and a _SUCCESS file.
df3.write.csv("output")
# Read all files in a folder, please make sure only CSV files should present in the folder.
folderPath = "examples/src/main/resources"
df5 = spark.read.csv(folderPath)
df5.show()
# Wrong schema because non-CSV files are read
# +-----------+
# | _c0|
# +-----------+
# |238val_238|
# | 86val_86|
# |311val_311|
# | 27val_27|
# |165val_165|
# +-----------+
Find full example code at "examples/src/main/python/sql/datasource.py" in the Spark repo.
Data Source Option
Data source options of CSV can be set via:
- the
.option
/.options
methods ofDataFrameReader
DataFrameWriter
DataStreamReader
DataStreamWriter
- the built-in functions below
from_csv
to_csv
schema_of_csv
OPTIONS
clause at CREATE TABLE USING DATA_SOURCE
Property Name | Default | Meaning | Scope |
---|---|---|---|
sep |
, | Sets a separator for each field and value. This separator can be one or more characters. | read/write |
encoding |
UTF-8 | For reading, decodes the CSV files by the given encoding type. For writing, specifies encoding (charset) of saved CSV files. CSV built-in functions ignore this option. | read/write |
quote |
" | Sets a single character used for escaping quoted values where the separator can be part of the value. For reading, if you would like to turn off quotations, you need to set not null but an empty string. For writing, if an empty string is set, it uses u0000 (null character). |
read/write |
quoteAll |
false | A flag indicating whether all values should always be enclosed in quotes. Default is to only escape values containing a quote character. | write |
escape |
\ | Sets a single character used for escaping quotes inside an already quoted value. | read/write |
escapeQuotes |
true | A flag indicating whether values containing quotes should always be enclosed in quotes. Default is to escape all values containing a quote character. | write |
comment |
Sets a single character used for skipping lines beginning with this character. By default, it is disabled. | read | |
header |
false | For reading, uses the first line as names of columns. For writing, writes the names of columns as the first line. Note that if the given path is a RDD of Strings, this header option will remove all lines same with the header if exists. CSV built-in functions ignore this option. | read/write |
inferSchema |
false | Infers the input schema automatically from data. It requires one extra pass over the data. CSV built-in functions ignore this option. | read |
enforceSchema |
true | If it is set to true , the specified or inferred schema will be forcibly applied to datasource files, and headers in CSV files will be ignored. If the option is set to false , the schema will be validated against all headers in CSV files in the case when the header option is set to true . Field names in the schema and column names in CSV headers are checked by their positions taking into account spark.sql.caseSensitive . Though the default value is true, it is recommended to disable the enforceSchema option to avoid incorrect results. CSV built-in functions ignore this option. |
read |
ignoreLeadingWhiteSpace |
false (for reading), true (for writing) |
A flag indicating whether or not leading whitespaces from values being read/written should be skipped. | read/write |
ignoreTrailingWhiteSpace |
false (for reading), true (for writing) |
A flag indicating whether or not trailing whitespaces from values being read/written should be skipped. | read/write |
nullValue |
Sets the string representation of a null value. Since 2.0.1, this nullValue param applies to all supported types including the string type. |
read/write | |
nanValue |
NaN | Sets the string representation of a non-number value. | read |
positiveInf |
Inf | Sets the string representation of a positive infinity value. | read |
negativeInf |
-Inf | Sets the string representation of a negative infinity value. | read |
dateFormat |
yyyy-MM-dd | Sets the string that indicates a date format. Custom date formats follow the formats at Datetime Patterns. This applies to date type. | read/write |
timestampFormat |
yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss[.SSS][XXX] | Sets the string that indicates a timestamp format. Custom date formats follow the formats at Datetime Patterns. This applies to timestamp type. | read/write |
timestampNTZFormat |
yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss[.SSS] | Sets the string that indicates a timestamp without timezone format. Custom date formats follow the formats at Datetime Patterns. This applies to timestamp without timezone type, note that zone-offset and time-zone components are not supported when writing or reading this data type. | read/write |
maxColumns |
20480 | Defines a hard limit of how many columns a record can have. | read |
maxCharsPerColumn |
-1 | Defines the maximum number of characters allowed for any given value being read. By default, it is -1 meaning unlimited length | read |
mode |
PERMISSIVE | Allows a mode for dealing with corrupt records during parsing. It supports the following case-insensitive modes. Note that Spark tries to parse only required columns in CSV under column pruning. Therefore, corrupt records can be different based on required set of fields. This behavior can be controlled by spark.sql.csv.parser.columnPruning.enabled (enabled by default).
|
read |
columnNameOfCorruptRecord |
(value of spark.sql.columnNameOfCorruptRecord configuration) |
Allows renaming the new field having malformed string created by PERMISSIVE mode. This overrides spark.sql.columnNameOfCorruptRecord . |
read |
multiLine |
false | Parse one record, which may span multiple lines, per file. CSV built-in functions ignore this option. | read |
charToEscapeQuoteEscaping |
escape or \0 |
Sets a single character used for escaping the escape for the quote character. The default value is escape character when escape and quote characters are different, \0 otherwise. |
read/write |
samplingRatio |
1.0 | Defines fraction of rows used for schema inferring. CSV built-in functions ignore this option. | read |
emptyValue |
(for reading), "" (for writing) |
Sets the string representation of an empty value. | read/write |
locale |
en-US | Sets a locale as language tag in IETF BCP 47 format. For instance, this is used while parsing dates and timestamps. | read |
lineSep |
\r , \r\n and \n (for reading), \n (for writing) |
Defines the line separator that should be used for parsing/writing. Maximum length is 1 character. CSV built-in functions ignore this option. | read/write |
unescapedQuoteHandling |
STOP_AT_DELIMITER | Defines how the CsvParser will handle values with unescaped quotes.
|
read |
compression |
(none) | Compression codec to use when saving to file. This can be one of the known case-insensitive shorten names (none , bzip2 , gzip , lz4 , snappy and deflate ). CSV built-in functions ignore this option. |
write |
Other generic options can be found in Generic File Source Options.